1. Objectives of PM-KISAN
The primary objectives of the Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi (PM-KISAN) scheme are:
- Income Support: To provide financial assistance to small and marginal farmers to meet their agricultural needs and sustain their livelihoods.
- Reduction of Farmer Distress: To reduce the economic distress faced by farmers, particularly in terms of purchasing agricultural inputs like seeds, fertilizers, and equipment.
- Enhancing Livelihoods: To improve the economic condition of farmers, thus leading to better food security and quality of life for them and their families.
- Support for Agriculture: To increase investments in agricultural and allied activities, thus promoting overall rural development.
2. Features of PM-KISAN
- Direct Income Support: The government transfers a sum of money directly into the bank accounts of eligible farmers. This financial aid is meant to provide them with the support required for farming expenses.
- Annual Payment: Each eligible farmer receives ₹6,000 annually in three equal installments of ₹2,000 each, payable every four months.
- No Restriction on Usage: The assistance is provided to farmers without any restriction on how they use the money. The funds can be used to cover agricultural expenses, such as buying seeds, fertilizers, equipment, or to meet household needs.
- Digital Transfer: Payments are made directly into the bank accounts of farmers, ensuring transparency and reducing delays or leakages.
3. Eligibility Criteria for PM-KISAN
To avail the benefits of PM-KISAN, the farmers must meet the following eligibility criteria:
- Small and Marginal Farmers: Only small and marginal farmers with landholding of up to 2 hectares are eligible for the scheme.
- Indian Citizens: The scheme is applicable only to Indian citizens who are actively engaged in farming.
- Land Ownership: The farmer must own the land. The ownership can be through individual ownership, joint ownership, or a family-owned plot.
- Exclusions: The following categories of people are excluded from the scheme:
- Institutional landholders
- Former and present holders of constitutional posts (e.g., Presidents, Vice Presidents, Governors, etc.)
- Ministers and Members of Parliament or Legislative Assemblies
- Individuals in higher-income categories, such as those in professions like doctors, engineers, and government employees
- Persons owning agricultural land in urban areas
4. How to Apply for PM-KISAN
Farmers can apply for PM-KISAN in the following ways:
- Self-registration: Farmers can apply through the official PM-KISAN portal (pmkisan.gov.in) or via the PM-KISAN mobile app.
- PM-KISAN Seva Kendra: Farmers can visit the nearest PM-KISAN Seva Kendra or Common Service Centers (CSCs) to register.
- State Government Enrollment: State governments and local authorities also facilitate the registration process and update the data.
Steps for Application:
- Visit the Official Website: Go to the official PM-KISAN portal (pmkisan.gov.in).
- Click on "New Farmer Registration": Fill in the details, including Aadhaar number, bank account details, and other required personal information.
- Verify: Once registered, the application will be processed. Verification may include checking the eligibility and verifying the land ownership.
- Status Check: Farmers can check their application status and payment details on the website or through SMS updates.
5. PM-KISAN Beneficiaries
- The beneficiaries of the scheme are primarily small and marginal farmers across the country. The program focuses on those who are most in need of support for agricultural expenses.
- As of 2021, the scheme has benefitted over 11 crore farmers in India.
The government has expanded the scope of the scheme over time, and now it includes a larger segment of farmers, including those with larger landholdings in some cases, depending on state-specific criteria.
6. Implementation Mechanism
- The scheme is implemented by the Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare, Government of India.
- State Governments and Union Territories play a vital role in identifying eligible farmers and ensuring the smooth transfer of benefits to them.
- The scheme is funded by the Central Government and implemented by the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare in collaboration with the Ministry of Rural Development.
7. Timeline and Installments
- The annual payment of ₹6,000 is divided into three equal installments of ₹2,000 each.
- Payments are generally made in the following manner:
- First Installment: Between April and July.
- Second Installment: Between August and November.
- Third Installment: Between December and March.
Farmers are notified about the dates and amount via SMS alerts or through updates on the official PM-KISAN portal.
8. PM-KISAN Status Check
Farmers can check the status of their payments or application by:
- Visiting the PM-KISAN Website: On the official portal, there is an option to check the status under "Farmer Corner."
- SMS Updates: Beneficiaries receive SMS updates regarding the installment payments sent to their bank accounts.
- Mobile App: The PM-KISAN mobile app also provides an easy way to check payment status and other details.
9. Impact of PM-KISAN
- Improved Financial Security: By providing direct income support, PM-KISAN helps farmers meet their financial needs and reduce dependence on informal sources of credit.
- Increased Agricultural Productivity: Farmers can invest in better seeds, fertilizers, and equipment, leading to improved agricultural productivity.
- Reduction of Economic Distress: It helps in reducing the financial stress on farmers, especially smallholders, who often struggle with irregular incomes and agricultural debt.
- Inclusivity: PM-KISAN has reached millions of small farmers, ensuring that a large portion of rural India benefits from the initiative.
10. Challenges and Criticism
While PM-KISAN has been widely praised for supporting farmers, there are some challenges and criticisms:
- Exclusion Errors: Some genuine farmers may have been excluded due to issues with database entry or incomplete documentation.
- Limited Coverage: The scheme primarily targets small and marginal farmers with landholdings of up to 2 hectares, leaving out large landowners who might also require support.
- Implementation Issues: There have been instances of delays in payments or discrepancies in data, leading to difficulties for farmers in receiving their entitlements.
11. Future of PM-KISAN
The government continues to evolve the PM-KISAN scheme with the aim of ensuring that all eligible farmers are covered and receive the financial aid they need. There are discussions around expanding the scheme, improving the database, and ensuring that more marginalized groups, such as tenant farmers, benefit from such initiatives.
Conclusion
Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi (PM-KISAN) has become one of the most important welfare schemes for farmers in India. By providing direct income support, it aims to alleviate the financial burden on small and marginal farmers, improve their agricultural productivity, and reduce farmer distress. Despite some challenges, the scheme is a step toward improving the economic condition of the agricultural community and promoting rural development in India.
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